Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations of smoking at the time of diagnosis with the risk of prostate cancer death in a population-based cohort of men with prostate cancer. Methods: Data were from 752 prostate cancer patients aged 40-64 years, who were enrolled in a case-control study and under long-term follow-up for mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between smoking and prostate cancer-specific and other cause mortality. Results: Compared to never smoking, smoking at the time of diagnosis was associated with a significant increase in risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality. After controlling for demographic characteristics, Gleason grade, stage at diagnosis, and primary treatment, the HR was 2.66 (95% CI: 1.10-6.43). Conclusions: Smoking at the time of diagnosis, independent of key clinical prognostic factors, is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer death.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 25-31 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Cancer Causes and Control |
Volume | 19 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 2008 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Cancer outcomes
- Cigarette smoking
- Prostate cancer-specific mortality
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Cancer Research