TY - JOUR
T1 - Chronic depressive symptoms and Framingham coronary risk in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women.
AU - Schwartz, Rebecca M.
AU - Mansoor, Ather
AU - Wilson, Tracey E.
AU - Anastos, Kathryn
AU - Everson-Rose, Susan A.
AU - Golub, Elizabeth T.
AU - Goparaju, Lakshmi
AU - Hessol, Nancy A.
AU - Mack, Wendy J.
AU - Lazar, Jason
N1 - Funding Information:
Data in this article were collected by the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Collaborative Study Group with centers (Principal Investigators) at New York City/Bronx Consortium (Kathryn Anastos); Brooklyn, NY (Howard Minkoff); Washington DC Metropolitan Consortium (Mary Young); The Connie Wofsy Study Consortium of Northern Califo rnia (Ruth Greenblatt); Los Angeles County/Southern California Consortium (Alexan-dra Levine); Chicago Consortium (Mardge Cohen); Data Coordinating Center (Stephen Gange). The WIHS is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UO1-AI-35004, UO1-AI-31834, UO1-AI-34994, UO1-AI-34989, UO1-AI-34993, and UO1-AI-42590) and by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (UO1-HD-32632). The study is co-funded by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Funding is also provided by the National Center for Research Resources (UCSF-CTSI Grant Number UL1 RR024131). The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Depression is common in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and those with HIV, and is a risk factor for CVD-related mortality. However, little is known about whether HIV influences the relationship between depression and cardiovascular risk. A total of 526 HIV-infected and 132 uninfected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were included in an analysis of women who completed twice-yearly study visits over 9.5 years. CVD risk was calculated at baseline and approximately 9.5 years later using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Chronic depressive symptoms were defined as Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores of 16 or greater at ≥75% of study visits. Over the follow-up period, 22.8% of HIV-infected women and 15.9% of HIV-uninfected women had chronic depressive symptoms (p=0.08). Baseline FRS was similar between HIV-infected and uninfected women (M=-5.70 ± SE=0.30 vs. M=-6.90 ± SE=0.60, p=0.07) as was follow-up FRS (M=0.82 ± SE=0.30 vs. M=-0.44 ± SE=0.73, p=0.11). Among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women, together, follow-up FRS was higher among women with chronic depressive symptoms as compared to those without (M=1.3 ± SE=0.6 vs. M=-0.3 ± SE=0.40, p<0.01), after adjusting for baseline FRS and other covariates. HIV status did not modify the relationship between chronic depressive symptoms and FRS. Chronic depressive symptoms accelerated CVD risk scores to a similar extent in both HIV-infected and-uninfected women. This implies that the diagnosis and treatment of depression may be an important consideration in CV risk reduction in the setting of HIV-infection. The determination of factors that mediate the depression/CVD relationship merits further study.
AB - Depression is common in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and those with HIV, and is a risk factor for CVD-related mortality. However, little is known about whether HIV influences the relationship between depression and cardiovascular risk. A total of 526 HIV-infected and 132 uninfected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were included in an analysis of women who completed twice-yearly study visits over 9.5 years. CVD risk was calculated at baseline and approximately 9.5 years later using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Chronic depressive symptoms were defined as Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores of 16 or greater at ≥75% of study visits. Over the follow-up period, 22.8% of HIV-infected women and 15.9% of HIV-uninfected women had chronic depressive symptoms (p=0.08). Baseline FRS was similar between HIV-infected and uninfected women (M=-5.70 ± SE=0.30 vs. M=-6.90 ± SE=0.60, p=0.07) as was follow-up FRS (M=0.82 ± SE=0.30 vs. M=-0.44 ± SE=0.73, p=0.11). Among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women, together, follow-up FRS was higher among women with chronic depressive symptoms as compared to those without (M=1.3 ± SE=0.6 vs. M=-0.3 ± SE=0.40, p<0.01), after adjusting for baseline FRS and other covariates. HIV status did not modify the relationship between chronic depressive symptoms and FRS. Chronic depressive symptoms accelerated CVD risk scores to a similar extent in both HIV-infected and-uninfected women. This implies that the diagnosis and treatment of depression may be an important consideration in CV risk reduction in the setting of HIV-infection. The determination of factors that mediate the depression/CVD relationship merits further study.
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U2 - 10.1080/09540121.2011.608791
DO - 10.1080/09540121.2011.608791
M3 - Article
C2 - 21902560
AN - SCOPUS:84861163999
SN - 0954-0121
VL - 24
SP - 394
EP - 403
JO - AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV
JF - AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV
IS - 3
ER -
