Abstract
Objective To test the hypothesis that greater chocolate-candy intake is associated with more weight gain in postmenopausal women. Methods A prospective cohort study involved 107,243 postmenopausal American women aged 50-79 years (mean = 60.7) at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative, with 3-year follow-up. Chocolate-candy consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, and body weight was measured. Linear mixed models, adjusted for demographic, socio economic, anthropomorphic, and behavioral variables, were used to test our main hypotheses. Results Compared with women who ate a 1 oz (∼28 g) serving of chocolate candy <1 per month, those who ate this amount 1 per month to <1 per week, 1 per week to < 3 per week and ≥3 per week showed greater 3-year prospective weight gains (kg) of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.85), 0.95 (0.84, 1.06), and 1.40 (1.27, 1.53), respectively, (P for linear trend<0.0001). Each additional 1 oz/day was associated with a greater 3-year weight gain (kg) of 0.92 (0.80, 1.05). The weight gain in each chocolate-candy intake level increased as BMI increased above the normal range (18.5-25 kg/m2), and was inversely associated with age. Conclusions Greater chocolate-candy intake was associated with greater prospective weight gain in this cohort of postmenopausal women.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 677-683 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Obesity |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 1 2015 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Endocrinology
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- Nutrition and Dietetics
Cite this
Chocolate-candy consumption and 3-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women. / Greenberg, James A.; Manson, Joann E.; Buijsse, Brian; Wang, Lu; Allison, Matthew A.; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Tinker, Lesley; Waring, Molly E.; Isasi, Carmen R.; Martin, Lisa W.; Thomson, Cynthia A.
In: Obesity, Vol. 23, No. 3, 01.03.2015, p. 677-683.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Chocolate-candy consumption and 3-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women
AU - Greenberg, James A.
AU - Manson, Joann E.
AU - Buijsse, Brian
AU - Wang, Lu
AU - Allison, Matthew A.
AU - Neuhouser, Marian L.
AU - Tinker, Lesley
AU - Waring, Molly E.
AU - Isasi, Carmen R.
AU - Martin, Lisa W.
AU - Thomson, Cynthia A.
PY - 2015/3/1
Y1 - 2015/3/1
N2 - Objective To test the hypothesis that greater chocolate-candy intake is associated with more weight gain in postmenopausal women. Methods A prospective cohort study involved 107,243 postmenopausal American women aged 50-79 years (mean = 60.7) at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative, with 3-year follow-up. Chocolate-candy consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, and body weight was measured. Linear mixed models, adjusted for demographic, socio economic, anthropomorphic, and behavioral variables, were used to test our main hypotheses. Results Compared with women who ate a 1 oz (∼28 g) serving of chocolate candy <1 per month, those who ate this amount 1 per month to <1 per week, 1 per week to < 3 per week and ≥3 per week showed greater 3-year prospective weight gains (kg) of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.85), 0.95 (0.84, 1.06), and 1.40 (1.27, 1.53), respectively, (P for linear trend<0.0001). Each additional 1 oz/day was associated with a greater 3-year weight gain (kg) of 0.92 (0.80, 1.05). The weight gain in each chocolate-candy intake level increased as BMI increased above the normal range (18.5-25 kg/m2), and was inversely associated with age. Conclusions Greater chocolate-candy intake was associated with greater prospective weight gain in this cohort of postmenopausal women.
AB - Objective To test the hypothesis that greater chocolate-candy intake is associated with more weight gain in postmenopausal women. Methods A prospective cohort study involved 107,243 postmenopausal American women aged 50-79 years (mean = 60.7) at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative, with 3-year follow-up. Chocolate-candy consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, and body weight was measured. Linear mixed models, adjusted for demographic, socio economic, anthropomorphic, and behavioral variables, were used to test our main hypotheses. Results Compared with women who ate a 1 oz (∼28 g) serving of chocolate candy <1 per month, those who ate this amount 1 per month to <1 per week, 1 per week to < 3 per week and ≥3 per week showed greater 3-year prospective weight gains (kg) of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.85), 0.95 (0.84, 1.06), and 1.40 (1.27, 1.53), respectively, (P for linear trend<0.0001). Each additional 1 oz/day was associated with a greater 3-year weight gain (kg) of 0.92 (0.80, 1.05). The weight gain in each chocolate-candy intake level increased as BMI increased above the normal range (18.5-25 kg/m2), and was inversely associated with age. Conclusions Greater chocolate-candy intake was associated with greater prospective weight gain in this cohort of postmenopausal women.
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U2 - 10.1002/oby.20983
DO - 10.1002/oby.20983
M3 - Article
C2 - 25644711
AN - SCOPUS:84925273012
VL - 23
SP - 677
EP - 683
JO - Obesity
JF - Obesity
SN - 1930-7381
IS - 3
ER -