Charged-particle emission upon ruby laser irradiation of transparent dielectric materials

Physics & Astronomy

• particle emission 100%
• ruby lasers 98%
• charged particles 67%
• irradiation 50%
• quartz 34%
• pulses 29%
• laser heating 23%
• thermionic emission 23%
• borosilicate glass 22%
• photons 21%
• contaminants 20%
• metal surfaces 19%
• high power lasers 18%
• ions 18%
• lasing 17%
• sapphire 16%
• electrons 16%
• laser beams 14%
• damage 13%
• thresholds 12%
• glass 11%
• lasers 8%
• energy 5%