TY - JOUR
T1 - Ceramide-dependent regulation of human epidermal keratinocyte CD1d expression during terminal differentiation
AU - Fishelevich, Rita
AU - Malanina, Alia
AU - Luzina, Irina
AU - Atamas, Sergei
AU - Smyth, Miriam J.
AU - Porcelli, Steven A.
AU - Gaspari, Anthony A.
PY - 2006/2/15
Y1 - 2006/2/15
N2 - Human keratinocytes (KC), when cultured under conditions to remain undifferentiated or to terminally differentiate, changed their cellular distribution of CD1d. As studied by confocal microscopy, undifferentiated KC had a pool of cytoplasmic CD1d, whereas after terminal differentiation, this molecule localized in the cell membrane, which recapitulates CD1d expression in vivo. A comparison of undifferentiated and differentiated cultured KC did not reveal any differences in the association with β2-microglobulin, invariant chain of class II MHC, or patterns of glycosylation, suggesting that these biochemical properties are not regulating the cellular distribution of CD1d. Time-course studies of CD1d gene expression indicated that KC slowly increased gene expression with CaCl2-induced terminal differentiation. Increased CD1d gene expression was dependent on ceramide synthesis, because fumonisin B1, a ceramide synthetase inhibitor, blocked the increase in CD1d gene expression during terminal differentiation. Similarly, exogenous ceramide or the ceramidase inhibitor, B13, induced CD1d gene expression by undifferentiated, but not terminally differentiated, KC. A protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ) inhibitor (a pseudosubstrate oligopeptide), but not a PKC-αβ inhibitor, significantly decreased CD1d gene expression by undifferentiated or ceramide-stimulated cultured, undifferentiated KC. As expected, downstream signaling events of PKC-ζ (JNK phosphorylation and NF-κB accumulation in the nucleus) were also attenuated. The calcineurin phosphatase inhibitor cyclosporine A, which blocks KC terminal differentiation, also blocked CD1d gene expression by cultured KC. In conclusion, this novel function of cellular ceramides extends the importance of this class of biologically active lipids beyond that of terminal differentiation and barrier function in normal human skin.
AB - Human keratinocytes (KC), when cultured under conditions to remain undifferentiated or to terminally differentiate, changed their cellular distribution of CD1d. As studied by confocal microscopy, undifferentiated KC had a pool of cytoplasmic CD1d, whereas after terminal differentiation, this molecule localized in the cell membrane, which recapitulates CD1d expression in vivo. A comparison of undifferentiated and differentiated cultured KC did not reveal any differences in the association with β2-microglobulin, invariant chain of class II MHC, or patterns of glycosylation, suggesting that these biochemical properties are not regulating the cellular distribution of CD1d. Time-course studies of CD1d gene expression indicated that KC slowly increased gene expression with CaCl2-induced terminal differentiation. Increased CD1d gene expression was dependent on ceramide synthesis, because fumonisin B1, a ceramide synthetase inhibitor, blocked the increase in CD1d gene expression during terminal differentiation. Similarly, exogenous ceramide or the ceramidase inhibitor, B13, induced CD1d gene expression by undifferentiated, but not terminally differentiated, KC. A protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ) inhibitor (a pseudosubstrate oligopeptide), but not a PKC-αβ inhibitor, significantly decreased CD1d gene expression by undifferentiated or ceramide-stimulated cultured, undifferentiated KC. As expected, downstream signaling events of PKC-ζ (JNK phosphorylation and NF-κB accumulation in the nucleus) were also attenuated. The calcineurin phosphatase inhibitor cyclosporine A, which blocks KC terminal differentiation, also blocked CD1d gene expression by cultured KC. In conclusion, this novel function of cellular ceramides extends the importance of this class of biologically active lipids beyond that of terminal differentiation and barrier function in normal human skin.
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U2 - 10.4049/jimmunol.176.4.2590
DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.176.4.2590
M3 - Article
C2 - 16456021
AN - SCOPUS:32044456245
SN - 0022-1767
VL - 176
SP - 2590
EP - 2599
JO - Journal of Immunology
JF - Journal of Immunology
IS - 4
ER -