Cardiac pacing and atrial arrhythmias

Pacemaker patients frequently have concomitant atrial tachyarrhythmias, most importantly atrial fibrillation, because numerous underlying electrical or structural diseases can potentiate both conditions. DDD pacing (or atrial) appears superior to VVI in limiting the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and its associated negative sequela. Sick sinus syndrome, a prior history of atrial fibrillation, and advanced age predispose patients with DDD devices to postimplant atrial fibrillation, yet the majority of these high-risk patients are manageable in DDD throughout their follow-up. DDD patients at significant risk for developing atrial arrhythmias require special attention regarding the selection and programming of their devices. Rate modulation, higher lower rate limits, special approaches toward upper rate limit management, and antitachycardia capabilities may all be important aspects in their management. The combined use of AV node ablation and ventricular or DDD pacing to manage patients with refractory atrial tachy-arrhythmias is becoming an increasingly accepted therapeutic approach.