TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of total energy intake and macronutrient consumption with colorectal cancer risk
T2 - Results from a large population-based case-control study in Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario, Canada
AU - Sun, Zhuoyu
AU - Liu, Lin
AU - Wang, Peizhong Peter
AU - Roebothan, Barbara
AU - Zhao, Jin
AU - Dicks, Elizabeth
AU - Cotterchio, Michelle
AU - Buehler, Sharon
AU - Campbell, Peter T.
AU - McLaughlin, John R.
AU - Parfrey, Patrick S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health under RFA # CA-08-502 and through cooperative agreements with members of the Colon Cancer Family Registry and P.I.s. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the CFRs, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or the CFR. Ontario Registry for Studies of Familial Colorectal Cancer (U01 CA074783) provided data for analysis. This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team Grant (CIHR-CPT79845) and Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in interdisciplinary Research on Colorectal Cancer Studentship (205835). Zhuoyu Sun was awarded by the Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health Research through a Master’s fellowship. Jing Zhao was supported by a trainee award from the Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute with funds provided by the Terry Fox Foundation Strategic Health Research Training Program in Cancer Research at CIHR.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Background. Diet is regarded as one of the most important environmental factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A recent report comprehensively concluded that total energy intake does not have a simple relationship with CRC risk, and that the data were inconsistent for carbohydrate, cholesterol and protein. The objective of this study was to identify the associations of CRC risk with dietary intakes of total energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, and alcohol using data from a large case-control study conducted in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) and Ontario (ON), Canada. Methods. Incident colorectal cancer cases (n = 1760) were identified from population-based cancer registries in the provinces of ON (1997-2000) and NL (1999-2003). Controls (n = 2481) were a random sample of residents in each province, aged 20-74 years. Family history questionnaire (FHQ), personal history questionnaire (PHQ), and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used to collect study data. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of intakes of total energy, macronutrients and alcohol with CRC risk. Results. Total energy intake was associated with higher risk of CRC (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.21-2.01, p-trend = 0.02, 5 th versus 1 st quintile), whereas inverse associations emerged for intakes of protein (OR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.69-1.00, p-trend = 0.06, 5 th versus 1 st quintile), carbohydrate (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.63-1.00, p-trend = 0.05, 5 th versus 1 st quintile) and total dietary fiber (OR: 0.84, 95% CI:0.67-0.99, p-trend = 0.04, 5 th versus 1 st quintile). Total fat, alcohol, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol were not associated with CRC risk. Conclusion. This study provides further evidence that high energy intake may increase risk of incident CRC, whereas diets high in protein, fiber, and carbohydrate may reduce the risk of the disease.
AB - Background. Diet is regarded as one of the most important environmental factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A recent report comprehensively concluded that total energy intake does not have a simple relationship with CRC risk, and that the data were inconsistent for carbohydrate, cholesterol and protein. The objective of this study was to identify the associations of CRC risk with dietary intakes of total energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, and alcohol using data from a large case-control study conducted in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) and Ontario (ON), Canada. Methods. Incident colorectal cancer cases (n = 1760) were identified from population-based cancer registries in the provinces of ON (1997-2000) and NL (1999-2003). Controls (n = 2481) were a random sample of residents in each province, aged 20-74 years. Family history questionnaire (FHQ), personal history questionnaire (PHQ), and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used to collect study data. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of intakes of total energy, macronutrients and alcohol with CRC risk. Results. Total energy intake was associated with higher risk of CRC (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.21-2.01, p-trend = 0.02, 5 th versus 1 st quintile), whereas inverse associations emerged for intakes of protein (OR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.69-1.00, p-trend = 0.06, 5 th versus 1 st quintile), carbohydrate (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.63-1.00, p-trend = 0.05, 5 th versus 1 st quintile) and total dietary fiber (OR: 0.84, 95% CI:0.67-0.99, p-trend = 0.04, 5 th versus 1 st quintile). Total fat, alcohol, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol were not associated with CRC risk. Conclusion. This study provides further evidence that high energy intake may increase risk of incident CRC, whereas diets high in protein, fiber, and carbohydrate may reduce the risk of the disease.
KW - Case-control study
KW - Colorectal cancer
KW - Macronutrient
KW - Total energy
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U2 - 10.1186/1475-2891-11-18
DO - 10.1186/1475-2891-11-18
M3 - Article
C2 - 22449145
AN - SCOPUS:84858714876
SN - 1475-2891
VL - 11
JO - Nutrition Journal
JF - Nutrition Journal
IS - 1
M1 - 18
ER -
