TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-inflammatory effects of thymoquinone and its protective effects against several diseases
AU - Kohandel, Zeynab
AU - Farkhondeh, Tahereh
AU - Aschner, Michael
AU - Samarghandian, Saeed
N1 - Funding Information:
Not applicable. There is no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Thymoquinone (TQ, 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1, 4-benzoquinone), a monoterpene molecule present in Nigella sativa L., has an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties in several disorders such as asthma, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, bronchitis, headache, eczema, fever, dizziness and influenza. TQ exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects via several molecular pathways, including the release of cytokines, and activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-Κβ). In this review, recent reports on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of TQ in heart disorders, respiratory diseases, neuroinflammation, diabetes and arthritis are summarized. We suggest that further investigation is necessary to better characterize the efficacy of TQ as a therapeutic agent.
AB - Thymoquinone (TQ, 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1, 4-benzoquinone), a monoterpene molecule present in Nigella sativa L., has an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties in several disorders such as asthma, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, bronchitis, headache, eczema, fever, dizziness and influenza. TQ exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects via several molecular pathways, including the release of cytokines, and activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-Κβ). In this review, recent reports on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of TQ in heart disorders, respiratory diseases, neuroinflammation, diabetes and arthritis are summarized. We suggest that further investigation is necessary to better characterize the efficacy of TQ as a therapeutic agent.
KW - Inflammation
KW - Signaling pathways
KW - Thymoquinone
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U2 - 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111492
DO - 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111492
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33743334
AN - SCOPUS:85102625058
SN - 0753-3322
VL - 138
JO - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
JF - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
M1 - 111492
ER -
