TY - JOUR
T1 - Anger Attacks in Major Depressive Disorder and Serum Levels of Homocysteine
AU - Fraguas, Renerio
AU - Papakostas, George I.
AU - Mischoulon, David
AU - Bottiglieri, Teodoro
AU - Alpert, Jonathan
AU - Fava, Maurizio
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by NIMH Grant No. R01MH48483-05. RF is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq-Brazil-process 200776/2003-7. GIP has received honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and Titan Pharmaceuticals; as well as research grants and support from Pfizer and BristolMyers Squibb Company. MF has received research support from Abbott Laboratories, Lichtwer Pharma GmbH, Lorex Pharmaceuticals, as well as honoraria from Bayer AG, Compellis, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Knoll Pharmaceutical Company, Lundbeck, Dov Pharmaceuticals, Cypress Pharmaceuticals, Grunenthal GmBH, Sepracor, and Somerset Pharmaceuticals. In addition, MF has received both research support and honoraria from Aspect Medical Systems, Astra-Zeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cephalon, Eli Lilly & Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, J & J Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Organon Inc., Pharmavite, Pfizer Inc, Roche, Sanofi/Synthelabo, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories. JA has received research support from Eli Lilly, Forest, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmavite, and has been in the Scientific Advisory Board of Pharmavite. The remaining authors (RF, DM, TB) have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
PY - 2006/8/1
Y1 - 2006/8/1
N2 - Background: Increased levels of homocysteine have been associated with anger and depression separately. We investigated the association of anger attacks in major depressive disorder (MDD) with serum levels of homocysteine. Methods: Homocysteine serum levels were measured in 192 outpatients with nonpsychotic MDD, mean age 39.9 ± 10.7 (range 19-65), 53% women, at baseline of an open-trial antidepressant treatment. We used the Massachusetts General Hospital Anger Attacks Questionnaire to evaluate anger attacks, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P) to diagnose MDD and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression to measure depression severity. Results: In the multiple regression analysis split by anger attacks adjusted for parameters of depression, creatinine, vitamin B12, folate, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, serum levels of homocysteine were positively correlated with length of current major depressive episode (t value, 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], .09 to .43; p = .004) and HAM-D-17 scores (t value, 2.48; 95% CI, .07 to 0.64; p = .016) in patients with anger attacks but not in those without anger attacks. Conclusions: Anger attacks in MDD may moderate the relationship of homocysteine serum levels with the severity and length of the depressive episode. Future studies are warranted to confirm and clarify the nature of this moderating effect.
AB - Background: Increased levels of homocysteine have been associated with anger and depression separately. We investigated the association of anger attacks in major depressive disorder (MDD) with serum levels of homocysteine. Methods: Homocysteine serum levels were measured in 192 outpatients with nonpsychotic MDD, mean age 39.9 ± 10.7 (range 19-65), 53% women, at baseline of an open-trial antidepressant treatment. We used the Massachusetts General Hospital Anger Attacks Questionnaire to evaluate anger attacks, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P) to diagnose MDD and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression to measure depression severity. Results: In the multiple regression analysis split by anger attacks adjusted for parameters of depression, creatinine, vitamin B12, folate, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, serum levels of homocysteine were positively correlated with length of current major depressive episode (t value, 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], .09 to .43; p = .004) and HAM-D-17 scores (t value, 2.48; 95% CI, .07 to 0.64; p = .016) in patients with anger attacks but not in those without anger attacks. Conclusions: Anger attacks in MDD may moderate the relationship of homocysteine serum levels with the severity and length of the depressive episode. Future studies are warranted to confirm and clarify the nature of this moderating effect.
KW - Anger
KW - depression
KW - homocysteine
KW - hostility
KW - major depressive disorder
KW - moderator
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U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.026
DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.026
M3 - Article
C2 - 16325154
AN - SCOPUS:33746266523
SN - 0006-3223
VL - 60
SP - 270
EP - 274
JO - Biological Psychiatry
JF - Biological Psychiatry
IS - 3
ER -