An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome

Principal investigators (steering committee), Boise State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Proteomics groups (data production and analysis), Broad Institute Group (data production and analysis), Cold Spring Harbor University of Geneva Center for Genomic Regulation Barcelona RIKEN Sanger Institute University of Lausanne GenomeInstitute of Singapore group (data production and analysis), Data coordination center at UC Santa Cruz (production data coordination), Duke University EBI University of Texas Austin University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill group (data production and analysis), Genome Institute of Singapore group (data production and analysis), HudsonAlpha Institute Caltech UC Irvine Stanford group (data production and analysis), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory group (targeted experimental validation), NHGRI groups (data production and analysis), Sanger Institute Washington University Yale University Center for Genomic Regulation Barcelona UCSC MIT University of Lausanne CNIO group (data production and analysis), Stanford-Yale Harvard University of Massachusetts Medical School University of Southern California/UC Davis group (data production and analysis), University of Albany SUNY group (data production and analysis), University of Chicago Stanford group (data production and analysis), University of Heidelberg group (targeted experimental validation), University of Massachusetts Medical School Bioinformatics group (data production and analysis), University of Washington University of Massachusetts Medical Center group (data production and analysis), Data Analysis Center (data analysis), The ENCODE Project Consortium, Data production leads (data production)Lead analysts (data analysis), Writing group, NHGRI project management (scientific management)

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

12048 Scopus citations

Abstract

The human genome encodes the blueprint of life, but the function of the vast majority of its nearly three billion bases is unknown. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has systematically mapped regions of transcription, transcription factor association, chromatin structure and histone modification. These data enabled us to assign biochemical functions for 80% of the genome, in particular outside of the well-studied protein-coding regions. Many discovered candidate regulatory elements are physically associated with one another and with expressed genes, providing new insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation. The newly identified elements also show a statistical correspondence to sequence variants linked to human disease, and can thereby guide interpretation of this variation. Overall, the project provides new insights into the organization and regulation of our genes and genome, and is an expansive resource of functional annotations for biomedical research.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)57-74
Number of pages18
JournalNature
Volume489
Issue number7414
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 6 2012

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General

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