@article{f52f126a3f5d426ead92edb81392f6d6,
title = "Altered abundances of human immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G subclasses in Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease frontal cortex",
abstract = "The immune system has been described to play a role in the development of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease (AD), but the distribution of immunoglobulins and their subclasses in brain tissue has not been explored. In this study, examination of pathologically diagnosed frontal cortex gray matter revealed significantly higher levels of IgM and IgG in late-stage AD (Braak and Braak stages V and VI) compared to age-matched controls. While levels of IgG2 and IgG4 constant region fragments were higher in late-stage AD, concentration of native–state IgG4 with free Fc regions was increased in AD III and VI. RNA analysis did not support parenchymal B-cell production of IgG4 in AD III and V, indicating possible peripheral or meningeal B-cell involvement. Changes in the profile of IgM, IgG and IgG subclasses in AD frontal cortex may provide insight into understanding disease pathogenesis and progression.",
author = "Rukmani Lekhraj and Shirin Lalezari and Aguilan, {Jennifer T.} and Jiyue Qin and Simone Sidoli and Wenzhu Mowrey and Seema Gollamudi and Parviz Lalezari",
note = "Funding Information: The Neurosurgery Research Laboratory is grateful for the support of Mr. Jeffrey and Mrs. Marieke Rothschild for funding this research. We would also like to thank Mr. Shane Curran and Mr. Jianwen Wu for their guidance. The Sidoli lab gratefully acknowledges the Leukemia Research Foundation (Hollis Brownstein New Investigator Research Grant), AFAR (Sagol Network GerOmics award), Deerfield (Xseed award), Relay Therapeutics, Merck and the NIH Office of the Director (1S10OD030286-01). Funding Information: Fresh-frozen cortical tissue specimens from various pathologically diagnosed Braak and Braak stages of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease (AD) and age-matched cognitively normal (Normal) brains were obtained from Kathleen Price Bryan Brain Bank of Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA, and from New South Wales (NSW) Tissue Resource Center at the University of Sydney and the Sydney Brain Bank at Neuroscience Research Australia, which are supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, The University of New South Wales, Neuroscience Research Australia and Schizophrenia Research Institute. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institute of Health under Award number R28AA012725. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM), Bronx, NY vide number 2018-9204. The brain specimens were pathologically diagnosed by both banks using similar methods, which enabled their unification. Tissue samples consist of 9 Normal (age: 72–102, 7 female), 5 AD III (age: 72–89, 3 female), 6 AD V (age: 84–100, 5 female) and 5 AD VI (age: 68–84, 2 female). Details are presented in Supplementary Table . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1038/s41598-022-10793-w",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}
