A study of the risks of CIN3+ detection after multiple rounds of HPV testing: Results of the 15-year cervical cancer screening experience at Kaiser Permanente Northern California

Anne Hammer, Maria Demarco, Nicole Campos, Brian Befano, Patti E. Gravitt, Li Cheung, Thomas S. Lorey, Nancy Poitras, Walter Kinney, Nicolas Wentzensen, Philip E. Castle, Mark Schiffman

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Many countries are transitioning to HPV testing for cervical cancer screening, despite a lack of long-term experience. To anticipate multi-round screening performance, we analyzed 15-year HPV testing results at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). We evaluated HPV test result patterns among women aged 30–64 undergoing triennial HPV/cytology cotesting at KPNC during 2003–2018. We calculated incidence rates and proportion of CIN3+ diagnoses associated with the most frequent HPV testing patterns overall and stratified by age. From 2003 to 2018, a total of 1,361,581 women had a valid HPV test result, and 7,087 were diagnosed with CIN3+. Incidence rates of CIN3+ after HPV positivity were lowest when HPV detection was new and highest in women with prevalent infections (770 vs. 13,910/100,000 person-years). Repeat test negativity reduced subsequent incidence rates of CIN3+ to extremely low levels (18/100,000 person-years following four consecutive negative results). For mixed patterns of positivity/negativity, the recency and frequency of positive tests were associated with increased rates of CIN3+ diagnosis. Most CIN3+ cases (76%) were diagnosed in women who were positive at baseline (the first known positive HPV result); 16% were attributed to apparent newly detected infections and 3% to possible reappearing infections. These results corroborate previous findings that current HPV positivity, particularly when prevalent rather than new, is associated with the highest rates of CIN3+. In a screening program implementing HPV testing, most CIN3+ is detected at the first HPV positive test.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1612-1620
Number of pages9
JournalInternational Journal of Cancer
Volume147
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 15 2020

Keywords

  • HPV
  • cervical cancer
  • epidemiology
  • screening

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

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