A Randomized Trial of Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast

Rita Peila, Xiaonan Xue, Jane A. Cauley, Rowan Chlebowski, Joann E. Manson, Rami Nassir, Nazmus Saquib, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Zhenzhen Zhang, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Thomas E. Rohan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: The effect of calcium plus vitamin D (CaD) supplementation on risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, a nonobligate precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma, is not well understood. In this secondary analysis, we examined this association in the Women's Health Initiative CaD trial over approximately 20 years of follow-up. Methods: A total of 36 282 cancer-free postmenopausal women (50-79 years) were randomly assigned to daily (d) calcium (1000 mg) plus vitamin D (400 IU) supplementation or to a placebo. Personal supplementation with vitamin D (≤600 IU/d, subsequently raised to 1000 IU/d) and calcium (≤1000 mg/d) was allowed. The intervention phase (median = 7.1 years), was followed by a postintervention phase (additional 13.8 years), which included 86.0% of the surviving women. A total of 595 incident DCIS cases were ascertained. Hazard ratios (HRs) plus 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: The intervention group had a lower risk of DCIS throughout follow-up (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.96) and during the postintervention phase (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.94). The group that used CaD personal supplements in combination with the trial intervention had a lower risk of DCIS compared with the trial placebo group that did not use personal supplementation (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.91). Conclusions: CaD supplementation in postmenopausal women was associated with reduced risk of DCIS, raising the possibility that consistent use of these supplements might provide long-term benefits for the prevention of DCIS.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numberpkab072
JournalJNCI Cancer Spectrum
Volume5
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 1 2021

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

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