@article{3a11fd4b1d65497795e71e6e0e55c177,
title = "A genome-wide map of diversity in Plasmodium falciparum",
abstract = "Genetic variation allows the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to overcome chemotherapeutic agents, vaccines and vector control strategies and remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Here we describe an initial survey of genetic variation across the P. falciparum genome. We performed extensive sequencing of 16 geographically diverse parasites and identified 46,937 SNPs, demonstrating rich diversity among P. falciparum parasites (π = 1.16 × 10-3) and strong correlation with gene function. We identified multiple regions with signatures of selective sweeps in drug-resistant parasites, including a previously unidentified 160-kb region with extremely low polymorphism in pyrimethamine-resistant parasites. We further characterized 54 worldwide isolates by genotyping SNPs across 20 genomic regions. These data begin to define population structure among African, Asian and American groups and illustrate the degree of linkage disequilibrium, which extends over relatively short distances in African parasites but over longer distances in Asian parasites. We provide an initial map of genetic diversity in P. falciparum and demonstrate its potential utility in identifying genes subject to recent natural selection and in understanding the population genetics of this parasite.",
author = "Volkman, {Sarah K.} and Sabeti, {Pardis C.} and David Decaprio and Neafsey, {Daniel E.} and Schaffner, {Stephen F.} and Milner, {Danny A.} and Daily, {Johanna P.} and Ousmane Sarr and Daouda Ndiaye and Omar Ndir and Soulyemane Mboup and Duraisingh, {Manoj T.} and Amanda Lukens and Alan Derr and Nicole Stange-Thomann and Skye Waggoner and Robert Onofrio and Liuda Ziaugra and Evan Mauceli and Sante Gnerre and Jaffe, {David B.} and Joanne Zainoun and Wiegand, {Roger C.} and Birren, {Bruce W.} and Hartl, {Daniel L.} and Galagan, {James E.} and Lander, {Eric S.} and Wirth, {Dyann F.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank all members of the sample collection team in Senegal (A. Ahouidi, L. Ndiaye, O. Ly, Y. Diedhiou, T. Sene, A. Mbaye and D. Diop). We thank T. Taylor, K. Seydel, J. Montgomery, E. Dembo, M. Molyneux and S. Rogerson for help collecting the samples from Malawi. We also thank all the members of the Broad Sequencing Platform and M. Koehrsen, D. Richter and O. Shamovsky for sequence analysis help. Our thanks to M. Goyette and T. Rachupka for help with Sequenom genotyping. Thanks to N. Mahesh and G. Ramirez for help with sample preparation and parasite cultures and to J. Mu and X. Su for typing samples. We thank MR4 for providing us with malaria parasites contributed by the following depositors: W.E. Collins (MRA-347); D.E. Kyle (MRA-154, MRA-157, MRA-159, MRA-176, MRA-207, MRA-284, MRA-285); L.H. Miller and D. Baruch (MRA-331, MRA-326, MRA-328); W. Trager (MRA-731, MRA-732, MRA-733); D. Walliker (MRA-151, MRA-153, MRA-200); T.E. Wellems (MRA-155, MRA-156, MRA-309, MRA-464); and Y. Wu (MRA-201). Special thanks to J. Barnwell for providing P. reichenowi DNA. Our thanks to PlasmoDB (http:// www.plasmodb.org) for access to the 3D7 genome sequence. The authors are supported by the US National Institutes of Health, SPARC funding of The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, the Burroughs-Wellcome Fund, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the NIAID Microbial Sequencing Center, the Ellison Medical Foundation, Fogarty International and the Exxon Mobil Foundation. P.C.S. is funded by the Damon Runyon Cancer Fellowship and the L{\textquoteright}Oreal for Women in Science Award.",
year = "2007",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1038/ng1930",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "39",
pages = "113--119",
journal = "Nature Genetics",
issn = "1061-4036",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}