A covalent intermediate in CD38 is responsible for ADP-ribosylation and cyclization reactions

Anthony A. Sauve, Hai Teng Deng, Ruth H. Angeletti, Vern L. Schramm

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Human CD38 is an ectoenzyme expressed on the surface of B-cells that makes cyclic-ADP-ribose (cADPR) and ADP-ribose from NAD+ (nicotinamide diphosphate ribose, oxidized form). The compound cADPR is a potent second messenger for calcium release inside cells. Nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD+) is also cyclized by CD38 to form cGDPR (cyclic guanosine diphosphate ribose) and hydrolyzed to form GDPR (guanosine diphosphate ribose). Kinetic isotope effect studies in the presence of 20 mM nicotinamide gave 1′-3H and 1′-14C isotope effects of 1.02 ± 0.01 and 1.00 ± 0.01, respectively, for the cyclization reaction and 1.23 ± 0.01 and 1.02 ± 0.01, respectively, for the hydrolysis reaction. These values support a covalent intermediate. The existence of a covalent intermediate was established by reaction of ara-F-NMN+ (arabinosyl-2′-fluoro-2′-deoxynicotinamide mononucleotide) with the enzyme. This compound reacted to release 1 mol of nicotinamide/mole of CD38 monomer and to form an inactive covalent intermediate. Reaction with excess nicotinamide rescued catalytic activity with an apparent Km of 17 ± 5 mM and a Vmax of 0.023 ± 0.003 s-1. Proof of covalent labeling of the enzyme by this inhibitor was obtained by MS analysis. Treatment of CD38 with ara-F-NMN+ increased mass by 215 amu, consistent with formation of CD38-fluoro-sugar monophosphate. Tryptic digestion in urea, phosphatase treatment, and purification of peptides in combination with MALDI-PSD permitted identification of Glu226 as the amino acid nucleophile. This residue is highly conserved across all ADP-ribosyl (adenosine diphosphate ribosyl) cyclases. The covalent intermediate inherent to the catalytic mechanism of human CD38 provides chemical precedent for related NAD+ glycosyltransferases.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)X
JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society
Volume122
Issue number33
StatePublished - Aug 23 2000

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Catalysis
  • General Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry

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