TY - JOUR
T1 - [46] Bilayers
T2 - Formation, Measurements, and Incorporation of Components
AU - Finkelstein, Alan
N1 - Funding Information:
Under appropriate conditions, phospholipids can be dispersed to yield vesicles which may be best characterized as a series of aqueous compartments separated from each other (and from the external medium) by an alternating array of closed concentric lipid bilayers. This has been for a long time the accepted explanation for the lamellar appearance of most phospholipid dispersions in the electron microscope, and was entirely consistent with the repeat spacing that such dispersions revealed upon X-ray diffraction analysis. In 1965, Bangham et al. z provided additional evidence in support of the above by showing that various salts can be trapped in the aqueous regions within the vesicles. Their paper has been justifiably considered a landmark in membrane biochemistry because it demonstrated the feasibility of using such phospholipid dispersions (hereafter referred to as liposomes) as a model system suitable for the investigation of numerous phenomena ascribed to natural membranes2 'Research in the author's laboratory was supported by Grants AI-05114 and AI-09319 from the U.S. Public Health Service. ~-A. D. Bangham, M. M. Standish, and J. C. Watkins, 1. Mol. Biol. 13, 238 (1965). ~These model membranes have also been called lipid "structures," "spherules," "liquid crystals," "smectic mesophase," and (perhaps most appropriately) "Bango-somes" in deference to their discoverer. A detailed discussion of the observations and theoretical considerations, leading to the development of liposomes, is beyond the scope of the present article. In this regard, readers should consult earlier reviews by A. D. Bangham \[Progr. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 18, 29 (1968)\], and G. Sessa and G. Weissmann \[J. Lipid Res. 9, 310 (1968)\].
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1974/1/1
Y1 - 1974/1/1
N2 - This chapter describes the methods of measuring permeability properties, because the permeability characteristics of bilayers, and the ability to modify them, are of most interest to biologists concerned with membrane- associated phenomena. Before describing these methods, the chapter relates some of the folklore surrounding the technique of making lipid bilayer membranes, as revealed in both the written literature and the oral tradition.
AB - This chapter describes the methods of measuring permeability properties, because the permeability characteristics of bilayers, and the ability to modify them, are of most interest to biologists concerned with membrane- associated phenomena. Before describing these methods, the chapter relates some of the folklore surrounding the technique of making lipid bilayer membranes, as revealed in both the written literature and the oral tradition.
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U2 - 10.1016/0076-6879(74)32049-6
DO - 10.1016/0076-6879(74)32049-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 4475350
AN - SCOPUS:0016376648
SN - 0076-6879
VL - 32
SP - 489
EP - 501
JO - Methods in enzymology
JF - Methods in enzymology
IS - C
ER -