3D Printing in Interventional Radiology

Interventional radiology (IR) involves an extensive range of procedures including vascular, oncologic, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and neurologic intervention. Compared to traditional open surgery, IR procedures can reduce surgical risks, operating and recovery time, costs, and at times lead to improved patient outcomes. Three-dimensional (3D) printed models can add value to clinical practice in IR by allowing preprocedural planning and fabrication of custom devices and can have a large impact on trainee education and patient understanding. In this chapter, 3D printing techniques and workflow relevant to IR procedures, use cases of this technology in IR, and the future of 3D printing in IR will be discussed.