Mechanisms of Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Entry into Cells

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a fundamental gap in our understanding of the mechanism by which the highly pathogenic ebolaviruses (EBOV) and marburgviruses (MARV) enter their host cells and initiate infection. Our long-term objectives are to understand, in molecular detail, how these viruses exploit their host cells to gain entry into the cytoplasm, and to contribute to the development of antiviral therapies for EBOV/MARV infection. The focus of this particular application is the mechanism by which endosomal cysteine proteases, a class of cellular enzymes we identified to be essential EBOV/MARV entry host factors, activate GP to fuse viral and cellular bilayers. Our central hypothesis is that the proteolytic disassembly of GP within host cell endosomes, acting either alone or in concert with additional cellular stimuli, provides the trigger signal that releases GP from its pre-fusion conformation and induces viral membrane fusion. Guided by strong preliminary data, we will test this hypothesis by pursuing two specific aims: 1. Identify the critical molecular features of GP proteolytic disassembly by endosomal cysteine proteases during EBOV and MARV entry 2. Reconstitute viral membrane fusion in vitro and elucidate the roles of proteases and non-protease host factors in fusion triggering